THE AUDITORY MODELING TOOLBOX

Applies to version: 1.6.0

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exp_baumgartner2016
Evaluation of the sagittal-plane localization model with a nonlinear periphery

Usage:

data = exp_baumgartner2016(flag)

Description:

exp_baumgartner2016(flag) reproduces figures of the study from Baumgartner et al. (2016).

The following flags can be specified

'fig2' Rate-level curves of the three different fiber types represented in the auditory-periphery model. Firing rates were evaluated at a CF of 4 kHz in response to Gaussian white noise at various SPLs. Note that high-SR fibers saturate already at low SPLs, medium-SR fibers at moderate SPLs, and low-SR fibers not at all.
'fig3' Correspondence between actual and predicted baseline performance for the 23 normal-hearing listeners after listener-specific calibration of the models sensitivity parameter (S).
'fig4' Hearing thresholds estimated for simulated OHC gains (COHC) within the range of 1 (normal active cochlea) to 0 (passive cochlea). The selected set of OHC gains results in approximately equal increments of high-frequency thresholds. Table I: Simulated Conditions of OHC Dysfunction, Estimated PTAs, and Corresponding Hearing Loss Categories.
'fig5' Model evaluation for normal-hearing listeners tested on the effects of spectral resolution (by number of vocoder channels in Goupell et al., 2010) and spectral warping (Majdak, Walder, et al., 2013). Model data (filled circles) are compared with actual data (open circles) from the two studies. Error bars represent SDs. Symbols are slightly shifted along the abscissa for better visibility. BB = broadband noise burst; CL = broadband click train (infinite number of channels); LP = low-pass filtered at 8.5 kHz; W = HRTFs spectrally warped from 2.8 to 16 kHz to 2.8 to 8.5 kHz.
'fig6' Effect of template SPL on predictive power of the model for the two studies (Goupell et al., 2010; Majdak, Walder, et al., 2013) shown in Figure 5. Predictions based on a single template SPL equivalent to the actual SPL of the target sounds of 60 dB result in similar prediction residues as based on templates mixed across a broad range of SPLs. Higher plausibility of the mixed-SPL templates was the reason to choose this representation for all further simulations (including predictions shown in Figure 5).
'fig7' Effects of OHC dysfunctions and selective activity of AN fibers on predicted quadrant error rates (top) and local RMS errors (bottom). Thick bar: interquartile range (IQR). Thin bar: data range within 1.5 IQR. Horizontal line within thick bar: average. Dashed horizontal line: chance performance.
'fig8' Sensitivity (dprime) of AN fibers in level discrimination as function of SPL predicted for different fiber types and OHC dysfunctions. Sensitivities were evaluated for SPL increments of 10 dB and averaged across 28 CFs from 0.7 to 18 kHz. Gray area: stimulus range of target sounds at 60 dB SPL.
'fig9' Effect of OHC dysfunction on positive spectral gradients. Exemplary median-plane HRTFs from one listener (NH46). Note the distinct direction-specific patterns for the normal and moderate OHC dysfunctions (COHC>=0.4), which are almost absent in the cases of the severe and complete OHC dysfunctions (COHC<=0.1).
'baseline_ex' Prediction examples. Actual responses and response predictions for three exemplary listeners when listening to median-plane targets in the baseline condition. Actual response angles are shown as open circles. Probabilistic response predictions are encoded by brightness according to the color bar to the right. Actual (A:) and predicted (P:) quadrant error rates (QE) and local polar RMS errors (PE) are listed above each panel.
'spatstrat_ex' Effect of band limitation and spectral warping. Actual responses and response predictions for listener NH12 when listening to broadband (BB), low-pass filtered (LP), or spectrally warped (W) DTFs of the median plane. Data were pooled within \(\pm15^\circ\) of lateral angle.
'numchan_ex' Effect of spectral resolution in terms of varying the number of spectral channels of a channel vocoder. Actual responses and response predictions for exemplary listener NH12. Results for 24, 9, and 3 channels are shown. All other conventions are as in Fig.3.
'plot' Plot the output of the experiment. This is the default.
'no_plot' Don't plot, only return data.
'ratelevelcurves' As 'fig2'.
'baseline' As 'fig3'.
'tab1' As 'fig4'.
'hearingthreshold' As 'fig4'.
'numchan' As 'fig5'.
'spatstrat' As 'fig5'.
'evalSPLtem' As 'fig6'.
'impairment' As 'fig7'.
'sensitivity' As 'fig8'.
'effectOnCues' As 'fig9'.

Examples:

To display the rate-level curves use :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig2');
exp_baumgartner2016_1_1.png

To display the baseline prediction use :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig3');
exp_baumgartner2016_2_1.png

This code produces the following output::

Corr. QE: 0.88 (p = 0.000), PE: 0.86 (p = 0.000), QE+PE: 0.87

To display estimations of hearing thresholds use :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig4');
exp_baumgartner2016_3_1.png

This code produces the following output::

ans =

  33 table

                     PTAlow_Rakerd98    PTAhigh_Rakerd98    PTAhigh_Otte13
                     _______________    ________________    ______________

    C_{OHC} = 0.4    14                 17                  16
    C_{OHC} = 0.1    28                 37                  37
    C_{OHC} = 0.0    37                 53                  54

To display model evaluation for normal-hearing listeners use :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig5');
exp_baumgartner2016_4_1.png
exp_baumgartner2016_4_2.png

To display evaluation results for template SPL use :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig6');
exp_baumgartner2016_5_1.png

To display predicted effects of sensorineural hearing loss use (requires Matlab 2013b or higher) :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig7');
exp_baumgartner2016_6_1.png

This code produces the following output::

Repeated-measures ANOVA for QE
                       DFGG       F        pValueGG     eta_pSq
                      ______    ______    __________    _______

    Cohc               1.616    716.23    3.7676e-28     0.9702
    Error(Cohc)       35.552         1           0.5        NaN
    FT                1.1718     369.7    1.7544e-17    0.94383
    Error(FT)          25.78         1           0.5        NaN
    Cohc:FT           1.8418    186.93    1.1794e-20     0.8947
    Error(Cohc:FT)     40.52         1           0.5        NaN

Repeated-measures ANOVA for PE
                       DFGG       F        pValueGG     eta_pSq
                      ______    ______    __________    _______

    Cohc              2.0933    609.59     3.177e-34    0.96517
    Error(Cohc)       46.052         1           0.5        NaN
    FT                1.4871    837.99    3.5905e-27    0.97442
    Error(FT)         32.715         1           0.5        NaN
    Cohc:FT           2.2336    279.14    1.8427e-28    0.92694
    Error(Cohc:FT)    49.139         1           0.5        NaN

To display sensitivity evaluation for different fiber types use :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig8');
exp_baumgartner2016_7_1.png

This code produces the following output::

Correlation between dprime and quadrant errors:
    r: -0.9218
    p: 3.8903e-07

Correlation between dprime and local RMS errors:
    r: -0.9042
    p: 1.5336e-06

To display effect of OHC damage on exemplary spectral cue representation use :

exp_baumgartner2016('fig9');
exp_baumgartner2016_8_1.png

References:

R. Baumgartner, P. Majdak, and B. Laback. Modeling the effects of sensorineural hearing loss on auditory localization in the median plane. Trends in Hearing, 20:1--11, 2016. [ DOI ]

P. Majdak, T. Walder, and B. Laback. Effect of long-term training on sound localization performance with spectrally warped and band-limited head-related transfer functions. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134:2148--2159, 2013.

M. J. Goupell, P. Majdak, and B. Laback. Median-plane sound localization as a function of the number of spectral channels using a channel vocoder. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 127:990--1001, 2010.

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